Navan defines non-GAAP net income (loss) as GAAP net loss, excluding stock-based compensation-related charges, amortization of intangible assets, amortization of debt discount and debt issuance costs, ...

HubSpot’s estimates of stock-based compensation, amortization of acquired intangible assets, non-cash interest expense for amortization of debt issuance costs, restructuring charges, and income tax ...

The 2025 tax law’s interest expense limitation changes may require companies to reexamine deferred tax asset valuation ...

Learn about acquisition adjustments, their role in M&A premiums, and how they impact asset valuation, depreciation, and corporate taxes.