Optical vector analysis has emerged as a critical tool for characterising optical devices, enabling simultaneous measurement of amplitude and phase responses over wide bandwidths. This technique is ...

Signal modulation is one of the most basic and important concepts in the RF industry. It consists of using the variation of one or more parameters of a carrier signal to transmit information, ...

All-optical modulation technology is considered an emerging research field that may have a significant impact in the future. As compared to the conventional electrical modulation technology, the most ...

Their new method will potentially make plasmonic waveguides more practical for a plethora of applications. “Our results demonstrate the potential of SiO2/ITO heterointerfaces for CMOS-compatible ...

Advancements in photonic integration demand high-speed, precise dynamic light field control and large-capacity information processing capability. As subwavelength artificial structures, metasurfaces ...

Signal generators play a vital role in electrical test and measurement. They generate the test signals that are applied to components such as filters and amplifiers, or even to entire modules, in ...